正文

Ⅰ名詞(2)

英文疑難詳解 作者:錢歌川


2.代替time的各種不同的名詞

“我和王君久別重逢?!弊g成英文為:

I met Mr. Wang again after a long parting.

不知譯得正確否?

【解答】英文的part是講離別的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)名詞parting的意思還是如此,如“她在臨別時(shí)哭了?!保⊿he cried at parting.)“臨別贈(zèng)言”(parting words)“臨別的一吻”(a parting kiss)。如果是說離別的期間,就應(yīng)該說separation,例如“久別重逢,他們非常高興”。(They were very pleased to meet after such a long separation.)因此,質(zhì)問中的譯文也應(yīng)改為: I met Mr. Wang after a long separation.

在after a long后面的名詞,可隨時(shí)改用他字。如:

I received a letter from him after a long silence.(許久未通訊,最近才接到他來函。)

I went out for a walk after a long interval.(好久沒有出外散步,這回才去了。)

He returned to his native village after a long absence.(他出門很久才回故鄉(xiāng)。)這種說法都是for a long time的變化,如after a long separation就等于說whom I had not seen for a long time,而after a long absence就等于說where he had not been for a long time.諸如此類,斟酌情形,是可以采用各種不同的名詞來代替time的。

3.raise one’s hand用復(fù)數(shù)人稱時(shí),名詞也改復(fù)數(shù)

“舉手”英文說raise one’s hand,是舉起一只手來,如遇到強(qiáng)盜,表示不抵抗時(shí),即說hold up one’s hands,是舉起雙手,普通表示贊成,大家舉手時(shí),也說raise their hand行嗎?因?yàn)槿粽fraise their hands,豈不是每人舉起雙手來了嗎?到底應(yīng)該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)?

【解答】這確是英文的一種不完善的地方,也只怪得人類的雙手常不同時(shí)動(dòng)作的緣故,如果是眼睛就沒有這個(gè)問題,因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)人仰視時(shí)說raise their eyes,一個(gè)人時(shí)還是raise his eyes.一個(gè)人舉手時(shí)說raise his hand,自然很清楚,表示只舉一只手,但多數(shù)人時(shí),則說: They all raised their hands.

意思仍然是各人只舉一只手,習(xí)慣上都知道是舉單手不是舉雙手,雖則可能含有雙手之意。不過真正要分別的話,我們還是可以說their both hands來表示舉雙手的。原則上多數(shù)人就要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞,參考下面各種例句:


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