PREFACE Ⅰ /3 PREFACE Ⅱ /4 CONTRIBUTORS /5 Chapter 1 Various Flexible Ureteroscopes /1 1.1 Flexible Fiber-optic Ureterorenoscope / 2 1.2 Digital Flexible Ureterorenoscope / 3 1.3 Modular Flexible Ureteroscope / 7 1.4 Sun’s Tip-flexible Semirigid Ureterorenoscope / 15 References / 16 Chapter 2 Instrument and Equipment for Flexible Ureteroscopy / 18 2.1 Guidewire / 18 2.2 Instruments for Ureteral Dilation / 21 2.3 Ureteral Access Sheath / 22 2.4 Light Source and Television System / 25 2.5 Perfusion Equipment / 27 2.6 Positioning Equipment / 30 2.7 Lithotripsy Device / 32 2.8 Equipment of Calculus Removal and Biopsy / 38 2.9 Ureteral Stent / 44 References / 46 Chapter 3 Pre-operative Evaluation of Flexible Ureteroscopy / 51 3.1 Required Investigations before Flexible Ureteroscopy / 51 3.2 The Role of Pre-stenting for Flexible Ureteroscopy / 56 References / 58 Chapter 4 Pre-operative Evaluation and Preparation of Flexible Ureterorenoscope and Holmium Laser Lithotripsy / 60 4.1 Selection of Suitable Patients’ Flexible Ureteroscopy Indications / 60 4.2 How to Assess and Prevent the Operative Risk? / 62 References / 66 Chapter 5 Techniques of Flexible Ureteroscopy: Step-by-Step / 67 5.1 Patient Positioning / 67 5.2 First-look Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy / 68 5.3 The Safety Guidewire and Working Guidewire / 69 5.4 Flexible Ureteroscopy with or without UAS / 70 5.5 Flexible Ureteroscope Insertion / 72 5.6 Ureteroscopic Inspection of the Collection System / 74 5.7 Lithotripsy and Fragment Extraction / 74 5.8 Exit Strategy / 75 5.9 Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy for Special Cases / 76 5.10 Factors Affecting the Success of Ureteroscopy in Management of Urolithiasis / 86 References / 87 Chapter 6 Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Children / 91 6.1 Evaluation of Upper Urinary Tract / 91 6.2 Optimal Option of Anesthesia / 92 6.3 No Consensus on Whether Ureteral Access Sheath is Necessary for Pediatric RIRS / 92 6.4 How to Choose an Optimal Length of UAS? / 93 6.5 How to Place UAS? / 93 6.6 How to Choose Flexible Ureteroscope? / 93 6.7 Is It Necessary to Place a double-J Stent at the End of RIRS? / 94 6.8 What is Next When We Place the UAS or Flexible Ureteroscope to the Ureter? / 94 6.9 Case Report / 94 References / 96 Chapter 7 Complications of the Flexible Ureteroscope / 98 7.1 Intraoperative Complication / 98 7.2 Post-operation Complications / 103 7.3 Reconstruction Technique for Long Ureteral Defects / 105 7.4 Warning, Diagnosis and Management of Urosepsis after Flexible Ureteroscopy / 114 References / 121 Chapter 8 The Investigation and Management after Flexible Ureteroscopy / 126 8.1 Investigation of the Stone Free Rate after Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery / 126 8.2 Prevention and Investigation of Ureteral Stricture after RIRS / 129 8.3 Management of Residual Fragments after Retrograde IntrarenalSurgery / 131 8.4 Indwelling Time of double-J Stent after Flexible Ureteroscopy / 132 References / 133 Chapter 9 The Training of Flexible Ureteroscope / 137 9.1 Flexible Ureteroscopy Training / 137 9.2 The Instruments, Equipment and Consumables for Training / 138 9.3 Methods of FURS Training / 139 9.4 The Role of Simulator Training in Acute Infundibulopelvic Angle Cases for Flexible Ureteroscopy / 148 9.5 The Assessment of FURS Training / 152 References / 154 Chapter 10 Management of Flexible Ureteroscopes in Operating Room / 156 10.1 Pre-job Training for OR Nurses / 156 10.2 Inspection of Flexible Ureteroscope / 160 10.3 Leakage Testing / 166 10.4 The Cleaning Procedures / 169 10.5 Caution for Sterilization / 173 Index / 175
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