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內容簡介

　　如何應對以人工智能為代表的新一輪科技革命帶來的倫理和治理上的挑戰(zhàn)？這是一個未被以往任何單個學科的研究所涵蓋的問題。相比以往的技術，人工智能的獨特之處就在于它的“自主性”。換言之，或由于技術本身的特性、或由于其應用過程中社會賦予了它特定角色，當代人工智能技術已經在深度“參與”人的決策。在這個意義上，人工智能技術與傳統(tǒng)的工具意義上的技術有質的區(qū)別。正是由于這種對人的決策的深度“參與”，人工智能技術導致了短期和長期的倫理問題。本書系統(tǒng)地討論了這些問題，在社會如何應對新一輪科技革命和產業(yè)變革的問題上有思想資源和分析框架上的獨*性貢獻。How to address the ethical and governance challenges posed by the new technological revolution of artificial intelligence？ This is an issue that has not been covered by any previous study in any single discipline. What is unique about AI， compared to previous technologies， is its autonomy. Contemporary AI technologies are already deeply involved in human decision-making， either because of the nature of the technological application itself， or the special role that the society assigns to it as it is applied. In this sense， AI is qualitatively different from the traditional technology. It is precisely because of this deep 'involvement' in human decision-making that AI has led to both short-term and long-term ethical problems. This book discusses these issues systematically， making an original contribution of intellectual resources and analytical frameworks to the question of how society should respond to the new technological revolution.

作者簡介

　　郭銳（中國人民大學法學院副教授，未來法治研究院研究員，社會責任和治理研究中心主任）郭銳博士的研究包括公司法、金融法、人權法、人工智能倫理與治理等。他畢業(yè)于中國政法大學（法學學士、碩士）和哈佛大學法學院（法學碩士、法學博士）。他擔任國家信息標準化委員會人工智能專業(yè)委員會委員、界面交互專業(yè)委員會委員、全國標準化委員會人工智能總體組社會倫理研究負責人，他參與了中國第*個以人工智能標準化為主題的白皮書的寫作并撰寫“安全、隱私和倫理”部分（《人工智能標準化白皮書（2018）》已于2018年發(fā)布），并主持撰寫了國家標準委人工智能總體組《人工智能倫理風險研究》報告（2019年5月發(fā)布）。Rui Guo（Associate Professor of Law at Renmin University of China， researcher of RUC’s Institute of Law and Technology， and Director of Center for Social Responsibility and Governance）. Dr. Rui Guo researches on corporate law， financial regulations， human rights， and the ethics of Artificial Intelligence. He graduated from China University of Political Science and Law（LL.B & LL.M） and Harvard Law School （LL.M & S.J.D）. Dr. Rui Guo is a member of the Sub-Committee of Artificial Intelligence， National Standardization Committee of Information Technology， and is the Lead Expert for the Research Group on Ethics of Artificial Intelligence of the Artificial Intelligence Working Group， Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China（SAC）. He participated in the drafting of the first AI standardization white paper（published in 2018） and led the drafting of AI Ethical Risk Research Report （published in May 2019 by Artificial Intelligence Working Group， SAC）.

圖書目錄

目錄
序言
引論
一、“不合時宜”的倫理學
二、倫理知識的危機
三、人工智能倫理的終極困境
四、“道德算法”的缺陷
五、人工智能倫理風險管理
六、無法離開的游戲
第一章人工智能的倫理問題從何而來
引言
一、人工智能的技術特征和倫理問題
二、人工智能倫理基本原則
三、典型的人工智能倫理問題
第二章大數(shù)據陰影下的隱私：以精準營銷為例
引言
一、精準營銷：個人數(shù)據的商業(yè)價值
二、精準營銷中的隱私疑云：“大數(shù)據殺熟”
三、隱私的可能性與“全景敞視監(jiān)獄”的彌散
四、隱私權與人的道德主體性
第三章算法的殷勤和背叛：以推薦系統(tǒng)為例
引言
一、推薦系統(tǒng)——以今日頭條為例
二、推薦系統(tǒng)的倫理風險：以內容推薦為例
三、算法與社會的多樣性
第四章風險控制的迷思：以金融領域人工智能應用為例
引言
一、人工智能金融反欺詐的窘境
二、過分自信的人工智能金融風控：一個宏觀視角
三、技術之不能與社會之能
第五章機器決策的困境：以自動駕駛為例
引言
一、自動駕駛技術概覽
二、“電車難題”
三、機器決策的困境和歸責
第六章人機關系之惑：以性愛機器人為例
引言
一、作為控制系統(tǒng)的性愛機器人
二、管制的正當理由
三、主奴關系之辯
引言93
一、用于決策的人工智能倫理問題
二、預測性警務
三、人臉識別
四、走出“簡單化”的路徑依賴
第八章權利的美麗新世界：以司法領域人工智能應用為例
引言
一、司法領域已有的人工智能應用的倫理問題
二、人工智能在司法領域的前景：司法是否會被算法取代
三、未來人工智能在司法中的應用與倫理風險
四、離開“美麗新世界”
第九章風險管理：人工智能倫理與治理的新思路
引言
一、人工智能倫理風險的指標
二、人工智能倫理風險管理的最佳實踐
三、人工智能倫理委員會：以企業(yè)為例
余論
一、風險的警覺
二、應對的規(guī)劃
三、法律的角色

Table of Content
Introduction
I. The Anachronistic AI Ethics
II. The Crisis of Ethical Knowledge
III. The Ultimate Dilemma of AI Ethics
IV. Shortcomings of the Ethical Algorithm
V. Ethical Risk Management in AI
VI. The Game We Can't Leave
Chapter 1. Where the Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence Come from
I. Technical Features and Ethical Issues of AI
II. Basic Principles of AI Ethics
III. Typical AI Ethical Issues
Chapter 2: Privacy in the Shadow of Big Data: a Case of Precision Marketing
I. Precision Marketing: the Business Value of Personal Data
II. The Doubt on Big Data
III. The Possibility of Privacy and the Dispersion of Hume’s Panopticon
IV. The Right to Privacy and the Moral Agency of the Human Person
Chapter 3 Attentiveness and Betrayal of Algorithm
I. Recommendation System: Bite Dance as an Example
II. Ethical Risks of Individualized Recommendation System III. Algorithms and the Diversity of Society
Chapter 4 The Myth of Risk Control: an Example from Fin-tech
I. The Dilemma of AI Financial Anti-Fraud
II. The Overconfident AI Risk Control
III. The Inability of Technology and the Ability of the Society
Chapter 5 The Dilemma of Machine Decision-making: an Example of Autonomous Driving
I. Overview of Autonomous Driving Technology
II. The Tram Problem
III. Accountability and the Dilemma of Machine Decision-making
Chapter 6: The Confusion of Human-machine Relation: the Case of Sex Robot
I. Sex Robot as a Control System
II. Justification of Control
III. The Master-slave Relationship
Chapter 7: The Siren Song in the Ear of Power: AI in Public Decision Making
I. Ethical issues of AI in Public Decision-making
II. Predictive Policing
III. Facial Recognition
IV. Moving Away from Path Dependency
Chapter 8 A Beautiful New World of Rights: AI in Court
I. Ethical issues of existing AI applications in court
II. Will Justice Be Replaced by Algorithm
III. The Ethical Risks of AI Applications in Court
IV. Leaving the Brave New World
Chapter 9 Risk Management and AI Ethics and Governance
I. Indicators of Ethical Risks of AI
II. Best Practices for Managing Ethical Risks of AI
III. The Ethics Committee: a Case Study
Conclusion
I. The Perception of Risks
II. Planning for Responses
III. The Role(s) of the Law