1 General Aspects of High-Temperature Reactors 1．1 Overview 1．2 Future Sustainable Energy Technologies 1．3 Principle Characteristics of HTR 1．4 Application of Modular HTR in the Energy Economy 1．5 Safety Aspects of Modular HTR 1．6 Fuel Cycles of Modular HTR 1．7 Intermediate and Final Storage 1．8 Overview on the HTR-PM Project 1．9 Overview on the HTR Development up to Now References 2 Physical Aspects of Core Layout 2．1 Overview on Physical Aspects of Core Layout and Design of Modular HTR Plants 2．2 Some Aspects of Criticality 2．3 Influence of Reflectors 2．4 Coefficients of Reactivity 2．4．1 Principle Consideration 2．4．2 Temperature Coefficients 2．5 Demand of Reactivity Compensation and Worth of Control Systems 2．6 Fast Neutron Doses on Reflectors 2．7 Influence of Flow of Balls，Action on the Burnup of Fuel 2．8 Distributions of Fuel，Neutron Flux，and Power Density in the Reactor Core 2．9 Principles of Kinetics of Nuclear Reactors 2．9．1 Overview on Some General Aspects 2．9．2 Kinetic Equations 2．9．3 Simple Solutions of the Kinetic Equations 2．10 Program Systems for Physical Layout of the Core 2．10．1 General Remarks 2．11 Aspects of Core Layout and Design 2．11．1 General Overview and Aspects of Core and Fuel Element Design 2．11．2 Discussions on Different Core Parameter 2．12 Physical Aspect of the First Loading and Running in Period of a Pebble Core 2．13 Discharging of Pebble-Bed Cores References 3 Thermo-Hydraulic Aspects of Core Layout 3．1 Heat Production Inside the Core 3．2 Thermal Power of the Core 3．3 Data of the Coolant Gas Helium 3．4 Basic Equations of the Thermo-Hydraulics of the Core 3．5 Heating up of Helium Coolant in the Core 3．6 Temperature Profiles in Fuel Elements 3．7 Heat Transfer in the Pebble-Bed Core 3．8 Pressure Drops in the Core and Reflector Structures 3．9 Special Aspects of Thermo-Hydraulic Layout of the Core of Modular HTR 3．9．1 Mixing of Hot Gas Behind the Core 3．9．2 Influence of Bypasses on the Core Cooling 3．9．3 Uncertainties of Calculation of Power Density and Other Thermo-Hydraulic Parameters 3．9．4 Measurement of Fuel Temperature 3．9．5 y Heating of Core Internals and Cooling 3．10 Principle of Core Layout 3．11 Comparison of Data of Core Cooling in Some HTR Concepts 3．12 Comparison of Thermo-Hydraulic Aspects of Different Reactor Types References 4 Fuel Elements 4．1 Description of the Component 4．2 Aspects of Layout and Design of HTR Fuel Elements 4．3 Temperature Distributions in HTR Fuel Elements 4．4 Irradiation Behavior of Fuel Elements 4．5 Stresses in Fuel Elements 4．6 Corrosion of Fuel Elements 4．7 Fission Product Release from Fuel Elements in Normal Operation 4．8 Different Types of Spherical Fuel Elements 4．9 Some Further Experiences with HTR Fuel Elements 4．10 Comparison of LWR and HTR Fuel Elements References 5 Reactor Components 5．1 Overview on the Components 5．2 Internal Reactor Structures 5．2．1 Overview on the Components 5．2．2 Technical Aspects of Core Internals 5．2．3 Loads on Core Internals 5．2．4 Graphite and Its Irradiation Behavior 5．2．5 Results of Analysis of Reflector Structures During Operation 5．3 Primary Enclosure 5．3．1 Overview 5．3．2 Aspects of Dimensioning and Materials for Pressure Vessels of Primary Circuit 5．3．3 Neutron Irradiation of Reactor Pressure Vessel and Design Aspects 5．3．4 Activation of the Reactor Pressure Vessel 5．4 Comparison of Different Reactor Pressure Vessles 5．5 Shutdown and Control Systems 5．5．1 Overview on Reactivity Aspects 5．5．2 Worthes of Shutdown Systems in HTR 5．5．3 Technical Concepts of Control and Shutdown Systems 5．6 Fuel Handling System …… 6 Components of the Helium Cycle 7 Reactor Containment Building 8 Power Conversion Cycle 9 Operational Aspects 10 Safety Aspects and Analysis of Accidents 11 Fuel Cycles and Waste Management 12 Economic Aspects of Power Plants and Questions of Optimization 13 Development of HTR Technology 14 Some Experimental Results on Safety Aspects of Modular HTR 15 Future Aspects of HTR Development
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