開關電源可靠性設計與測試：安全·熱管理·電磁兼容

前言
第1章 概述········································································ 1
1.1　開關電源可靠性 ··········································································
1 1.1.1　可靠性的定義及指標····························································
1 1.1.2　影響開關電源可靠性的因素 ··················································· 8
1.2　開關電源可靠性設計 ·································································· 12
1.2.1　開關電源可靠性設計原則及方法 ··········································· 12
1.2.2　元器件降額使用································································ 17

第2章 開關電源安全設計···················································· 25
2.1　開關電源安全距離及安全器件選擇················································· 25
2.1.1　安全距離與絕緣分類·························································· 25
2.1.2　開關電源安全器件選擇······················································· 27
2.1.3　安規(guī)電容選擇··································································· 36
2.2　開關電源輸入保護電路及濾波器···················································· 40
2.2.1　開關電源輸入保護電路······················································· 40
2.2.2　開關電源濾波器································································ 48
2.3　開關電源吸收電路 ····································································· 52
2.3.1　吸收回路的作用及類型······················································· 52
2.3.2　開關電源吸收電路設計······················································· 57

第3章 開關電源熱設計······················································ 65
3.1　開關電源熱設計目的及原則 ························································· 65
3.1.1　開關電源環(huán)境溫度及熱設計目的 ··········································· 65
3.1.2　開關電源熱設計的原則······················································· 68
3.2　開關電源轉換效率及熱設計層次···················································· 70
3.2.1　開關電源轉換效率及溫度···················································· 70
3.2.2　熱設計層次及熱設計功耗（TDP）·········································· 73
3.3　開關電源表面貼裝元器件熱設計及金屬芯 PCB ································· 76
3.3.1　開關電源表面貼裝元器件熱設計 ··········································· 76
3.3.2　金屬芯 PCB ····································································· 80
3.4　開關電源 PCB熱設計 ································································· 84
3.4.1　開關電源 PCB熱量的來源及 PCB熱設計的要求 ······················· 84
3.4.2　開關電源 PCB熱設計對元器件布局、布線的要求 ····················· 86
3.4.3　開關電源 PCB熱設計的具體措施·········································· 90
3.5　開關電源熱設計規(guī)則及散熱器設計要點··········································· 92
3.5.1　開關電源熱設計規(guī)則及方法 ················································· 92
3.5.2　開關電源散熱器設計要點···················································· 95

第4章　開關電源電路的電磁兼容性及設計 ····························· 105
4.1　開關電源的電磁干擾及傳播方式··················································· 105
4.1.1　開關電源中的電磁干擾源··················································· 105
4.1.2　開關電源中電磁干擾分類及耦合通道 ···································· 113
4.2　開關電源電磁干擾抑制技術 ························································ 120
4.2.1　減小干擾源能量及抑制網(wǎng)側高次諧波電流 ······························ 120
4.2.2　抑制共模干擾及尖峰干擾技術 ············································· 123
4.2.3　開關電源接地技術···························································· 129
4.2.4　開關電源調(diào)制頻率控制及無源補償技術 ································· 132
4.3　開關電源電路的電磁兼容及輸入 /輸出布線設計······························· 136
4.3.1　開關電源電路的電磁兼容設計 ············································· 136
4.3.2　開關電源輸入 /輸出布線設計·············································· 140

第5章　開關電源 PCB電磁兼容設計 ···································· 148
5.1　開關電源 PCB電磁干擾抑制措施及地線設計··································· 148
5.1.1　開關電源 PCB電磁干擾及抑制措施······································ 148
5.1.2　開關電源 PCB地線設計····················································· 150
5.2　開關電源 PCB布局布線設計 ······················································· 155
5.2.1　開關電源 PCB布局設計····················································· 155
5.2.2　開關電源 PCB布線設計····················································· 159
5.3　開關電源 PCB電磁兼容設計要點 ················································· 167
5.3.1　PCB中帶狀線、電線、電纜間的串音和電磁耦合 ····················· 167
5.3.2　開關電源 PCB電流回路及電壓節(jié)點設計要點 ·························· 172
5.3.3　開關電源 PCB濾波電路布局及退耦電容配置要點 ···················· 175

第6章　開關電源可靠性測試 ··············································· 180
6.1　開關電源電磁兼容性測試 ··························································· 180
6.1.1　電磁兼容測試技術···························································· 180
6.1.2　開關電源電磁兼容測試電路及波形 ······································· 187
6.2　PCB質量評價及可靠性試驗 ························································ 195
6.2.1　PCB質量評價 ································································· 195
6.2.2　PCB可靠性試驗 ······························································ 198
6.3　開關電源技術安規(guī)及可靠性測試方法············································· 203
6.3.1　開關電源安規(guī)測試方法······················································ 203
6.3.2　開關電源可靠性測試方法··················································· 210
參考文獻······················································································· 226