Preface 1 Psychology Is Alive and Well(and Doing Fine Among the Sciences) 1 2 Falsifiability: How to Foil Little Green Men in the Head 19 3 Operationism and Essentialism: “But, Doctor, What Does It Really Mean?” 35 4 Testimonials and Case Study Evidence: Placebo Effects and the Amazing Randi 53 5 Correlation and Causation: Birth Control by the Toaster Method 73 6 Getting Things Under Control: The Case of Clever Hans 85 7 “But It’s Not Real Life!”: The “Artificiality” Criticism and Psychology 103 8 Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome: The Importance of Converging Evidence 119 9 The Misguided Search for the “Magic Bullet”: The Issue of Multiple Causation 141 10 The Achilles’ Heel of Human Cognition: Probabilistic Reasoning 149 11 The Role of Chance in Psychology 165 12 The Rodney Dangerfield of the Sciences 183 References 205 Author Index 231 Subject Index 238