生物技術導論（影印版）

Listofcontributors

Preface

PartⅠFundamentalsandprinciples

1Publicperceptionofbiotechnology

1.1Introduction

1.2Publicawarenessofgeneticengineering

1.3Regulatoryrequirements-safetyofgeneticallyengineeredfoods

1.4Labelling-howfarshoulditgo?

1.5Policymaking

1.6Areasofsignificantpublicconcern

1.7Conclusions

1.8Furtherreading

2Biochemistryandphysiologyofgrowthandmetabolism

2.1Introduction

2.2Metabolism

2.3Catabolicpathways

2.4Gluconeogenesis

2.5Energyproductioninaerobicmicro-organisms

2.6Anaerobicmetabolism

2.7Biosynthesis

2.8Controlofmetabolicprocesses

2.9Efficiencyofmicrobialgrowth

2.10Furtherreading

3StoichiometryandKineticsofmicrobialgrowthfromathermodynamicperspective

Nomenclature

3.1Introduction

3.2Stoichiometrycalculations

3.3StoichiometrypredictionsbasedonGibbsenergydissipation

3.4Growthkineticsfromathermodynamicpointofview

3.5Furtherreading

4Genomemanagementandanalysis：prokaryotes

4.1Introduction

4.2Bacterialchromosomesandnaturalgenetransfer

4.3Whatisgeneticengineeringandwhatisitusedfor?

4.4Thebasictoolsofgeneticengineering

4.5Cloningvectorsandlibraries

4.6Analysisofgenomes/proteomes

4.7Analysisofgeneexpression

4.8Engineeringgenesandoptimisingproducts

4.9Productionofheterologousproducts

4.10Insilicoanalysisofbacterialgenomes

4.11Furtherreading

5Geneticengineering：yeastsandfilamentousfungi

Glossary

5.1Introduction

5.2IntroducingDNAintofungi(fungaltransformation)

5.3Genecloning

5.4Genestructure,organisationandexpression

5.5Specialmethodologies

5.6Biotechnologicalapplicationsoffungi

5.7Furtherreading

6Microbialprocesskinetics

Nomenclature

6.1Introduction

6.2Kineticmodellingofcellgrowth

6.3Massbalancesforidealbioreactors

6.4Furtherreading

7Bioreactordesign

Nomenclature

7.1Introduction

7.2Bioreactorconfigurations

7.3Bioreactordesignfeatures

7.4Designforsterileoperation

7.5Photobioreactors

7.6Heattransfer

7.7Sheareffectsinculture

7.8Furtherreading

8Masstransfer

Nomenclature

8.1Introduction

8.2Themasstransfersteps

8.3Masstransferequations

8.4Determiningthevolumetricmasstransfercoefficients

8.5Theeffectofscaleonmasstransfer

8.6Furtherreading

9Downstreamprocessinginbiotechnology

9.1Introduction

9.2Downstreamprocessing:amultistageoperation

9.3Solid-liquidseparation

9.4Releaseofintracellularcomponents

9.5Concentrationofbiologicalproducts

9.6Purificationbychromatography

9.7Productformulation

9.8Monitoringofdownstreamprocessing

9.9Processintegration

9.10Furtherreading

10Measurementandcontrol

Nomenclature

10.1Introduction

10.2Structureofprocessmodels

10.3Kineticrateexpressions

10.4Advancedmodellingconsiderations

10.5Processsupervisionandcontrol

10.6Open-loopcontrol

10.7Closed-loopcontrol

10.8Conclusion

10.9Furtherreading

11Processeconomics

11.1Introduction

11.2Thestartingpoint

11.3Costestimates

11.4Processdesign

11.5Designexercise

11.6Capitalcostsestimates

11.7Operatingcostsestimates

11.8Thecostscase-tobuildornottobuild

11.9Furtherreading

PartⅡPracticalapplications

12Thebusinessofbiotechnology

12.1Introduction

12.2Whatisbiotechnologyusedfor?

12.3Biotechnologycompanies,theircareandnurturing

12.4Investmentinbiotechnology

12.5Whoneedsmanagement?

12.6Patentsandbiotechnology

12.7Conclusion:jumpingthefence

12.8Furtherreading

13Aminoacids

13.1Introduction

13.2Commericaluseofaminoacids

13.3Productionmethodsandtools

13.4L-Glutamate

13.5L-Lysine

13.6L-Threonine

13.7L-Phenylalanine

13.8L-Tryptophan

13.9L-Aspartate

13.10Outlook

13.11Acknowledgements

13.12Furtherreading

14Organicacids

14.1Introduction

14.2Citricacid

14.3Gluconicacid

14.4Lacticacid

14.5Otheracids

14.6Furtherreading

15Microbialpolyhydroxyalkanoates,polysaccharidesandlipids

15.1Introduction

15.2Microbialpolyhydroxyalkanoates

15.3Microbialpolysaccharides

15.4Microbiallipids

15.5Furtherreading

16Antibiotics

16.1Introduction

16.2Biosynthesis

16.3Strainimprovement

16.4Geneticengineering

16.5Analysis

16.6Culturepreservationandasepticpropagation

16.7Scale-up

16.8Fermentation

16.9Penicillins

16.10Cephalosporins

16.11Newβ-lactamtechnologies

16.12Aminoglycosides

16.13Macrolides

16.14Economics

16.15GoodManufacturingPractices

16.16Furtherreading

17Baker'syeast

Nomenclature

17.1Introduction

17.2Mediumforbaker'syeastproduction

17.3Aerobicethanolformationandconsumption

17.4Thefed-batchtechniqueusedtocontrolethanolproduction

17.5Industrialprocesscontrol

17.6Processoutline

17.7Furtherreading

18Productionofenzymes

18.1Introduction

18.2Enzymesfromanimalandplantsources

18.3Enzymesfrommicrobialsources

18.4Large-scaleproduction

18.5Biochemicalfundamentals

18.6Geneticengineering

18.7Recoveryofenzymes

18.8Isolationofsolubleenzymes

18.9Enzymepurification

18.10Immobilisedenzymes

18.11Legislativeandsafetyaspects

18.12Furtherreading

19Synthesisofchemicalsusingenzymes

19.1Introduction

19.2Hydrolyticenzymes

19.3Chiralbuildingblocksforsynthesis

19.4Reductionsandoxidations

19.5Useofenzymesinsugarchemistry

19.6Useofenzymestomakeaminoacidsandpeptides

19.7Furtherreading

20Recombinantproteinsofhighvalue

20.1Applicationsofhigh-valueproteins

20.2Analyticalenzymes

20.3Therapeuticproteins

20.4Regulatoryaspectsoftherapeuticproteins

20.5Outlooktothefutureofproteintherapies

20.6Furtherreading

21Mammaliancellculture

21.1Introduction

21.2Mammaliancelllinesandtheircharacteristics

21.3CommericalProducts

21.4Proteinglycosylation

21.5Mediaforthecultivationofmammaliancells

21.6Metabolism

21.7Large-scalecultivationofmammaliancells

21.8Geneticengineeringofmammaliancells

21.9Furtherreading

22Biotransformations

22.1Introduction

22.2Biocatalystselection

22.3Biocatalystimmobilisationandperformance

22.4Immobilisedenzymereactors

22.5Biocatalysisinnon-conventionalmedia

22.6Concludingremarks

22.7Furtherreading

23Immunochemicalapplications

Glossary

23.1Introduction

23.2Antibodystructureandfunctions

23.3Antibodyproteinfragments

23.4Antibodyaffinity

23.5Antibodyspecificity

23.6Immunizationandproductionofpolyclonalantisera

23.7Monoclonalantibodies

23.8Antibodyengineering

23.9Combinatorialandphagedisplaylibraries

23.10Invitrousesofrecombinantandmonoclonalantibodies

23.11Invivousesofrecombinantandmonoclonalantibodies

23.12Furtherreading

24Environmentalapplications

24.1Introduction

24.2Treatmentofwastewater

24.3Digestionoforganicslurries

24.4Treatmentofsolidwastes

24.5Treatmentofwastegases

24.6Soilremediation

24.7Treatmentofgroundwater

24.8Furtherreading

Index